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保山市科学技术协会

联合推出

第3期

The Third Phase

被子植物.荇菜Nymphoides peltata

被子植物门，睡菜科，荇菜属。在中国绝大多数省区都有分布。荇菜（也叫莕菜）是多年生水生草本，生长于水流平稳且比较浅的池塘、湖泊、河溪等环境中，花果期4-10月，5、6月份为盛花期。图片摄于云南保山青华海国家湿地公园。

荇菜是一种开着黄色小花的植物，叶片像睡莲，但是小巧很多，有5个花瓣，花瓣边缘长着流苏，看起来毛茸茸的，很特别。荇菜的根扎在泥里，叶片漂浮在水面上，而花则挺出水面，根和叶之间有一条长长的藤茎。荇菜主要通过叶背面产生的不定芽来进行营养繁殖，繁殖速度很快。每到夏天，成片的荇菜挺立在粼粼水波间，黄色的花朵铺满水面，成为绿意盎然的夏天里一道亮丽的风景。

在古代，荇菜是作为一种蔬菜被食用的，主要是吃它们的根茎部分。《诗经》的开篇《国风.周南.关雎》中反复吟诵女子采摘荇菜的场景：“参差荇菜，左右流之。窈窕淑女，寤寐求之。参差荇菜，左右采之。窈窕淑女，钟鼓乐之。参差荇菜，左右芼之。窈窕淑女，钟鼓乐之” 。那为什么我们现在不像古人一样把荇菜拿出来吃了呢？大概是因为口感不佳吧。不过荇菜的亲戚“龙骨瓣荇菜”（也叫水莲菜）在台湾是作为一种蔬菜来栽培的，听说口感滑嫩，感兴趣的朋友有机会的话不妨尝试一下。

荇菜对阳光比较敏感，在青华海，荇菜一般在早上8点后陆续盛开，下午3点左右开始闭合。另外，如果有阴雨天气的话，它的花瓣是不会张开的。所以，想要观赏荇菜开花过程的朋友，可以在早上8点左右来青华海静待花开哦，下午去它们就下班啦。

The Third Phase

Nymphoides peltata

Angiospermae, Menyanthaceae, Nymphoides. It is distributed in most provinces and regions in China. Nymphoides peltata is a perennial aquatic herb, which grows in ponds, lakes, rivers and streams with smooth and shallow water. The flowering period is from April to October, and full-blossom period is May and June. The photo is taken in The Qinghuahai National Wetland Park in Baoshan city, Yunnan proince.

Nymphoides peltata has small yellow flowers, its leaves looks like water lily, but is much smaller. It has five petals, and there are tassel on the edge of petal, which looks fluffy and very special. The root of Nymphoides peltata is in the mud with leaves floating on water, and the flower is stand out of the water. Between the roots and leaves there are long stems. Nymphoides peltata make vegetative propagation through the adventitious bud from the back of the leaves, and they reproduce very quickly. In summer, a lot of Nymphoides peltata stands out the sparkling water, and the yellow flowers cover the surface of the water, which become a beautiful scenery in the green summer.

In ancient times, Nymphoides peltata is a kind of vegetables and people mainly eat their roots and stems. The beginning of The Book of Poetry is The Cooing. In this poetry, it repeated the scene of woman picking Nymphoides peltata. This is what the poem described: " There grows the water grass, The folk are fond to pick; There lives the pretty lass, For whom the lad is sick. There grows the water grass, The folk are fond to choose; There lives the pretty lass, Whom the lad pursues. There grows the water grass, The folk are fond to gain; There lives the pretty lass, The lad would entertain. " The water grass in this poem is Nymphoides peltata. Why don't we eat the Nymphoides peltata like the ancients? It's probably because it doesn't taste good. But the relatives of Nymphoides peltata called Nymphoides hydrophylla is planted as vegetable in Taiwan. It is heard that it taste smooth and tender. If you are interested, have a try!

Nymphoides peltata is sensitive to sunlight. In Qinghuahai National Park, Nymphoides peltata generally gradually open after 8 o'clock in the morning and began to close around 3 o'clock in the afternoon. In addition, if the weather is cloudy and rainy, its petals will not open. So, if you want to see the flowering process of Nymphoides peltata, come here around 8 o'clock in the morning and wait for them blooms, or they will be off work in the afternoon!

文字整理：黄木娇

海报设计：黄木娇

英文翻译：何雪、黄木娇

Text: Mujiao Huang

Poster design: Mujiao Huang

English translation: He Xue, Mujiao Huang